Why is game theory important to AI?

 



Introduction

Mathematical game theory is used to simulate how different players will interact strategically in a setting with predetermined rules and consequences.

Different areas of artificial intelligence can benefit from the application of game theory:

  • Multi-agent AI systems.
  • Imitation and Reinforcement Learning.
  • Adversary training in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs).

In addition, machinelearning models and many situations in daily life can be described using game theory.

A two-person game in which one player challenges the other to locate the best hyper-plane providing him the most tough points to classify can be used to teach a classification technique like SVM (Support Vector Machines). The outcome of the game will then condense into a trade-off between the two players' strategic prowess (eg. how well the fist player was challenging the second one to classify difficult data points and how good was the second player to identify the best decision boundary).

Game Theory

Game Theory can be divided into 5 main types of games:

  • Cooperative vs Non-Cooperative Games: Participants in cooperative games might form alliances to increase their chances of winning (eg. negotiations). Instead of forming alliances, players cannot do so in non-cooperative games (eg. wars).
  • Symmetric vs Asymmetric Games: All players in a symmetric game have identical objectives, hence the winner will be determined only by the strategies they employ to reach those objectives (eg. chess). Instead, in a symmetric games, players have opposing or discordant objectives.
  • Perfect vs Imperfect Information Games: In games with perfect information, everyone can see what the other players are doing (eg. chess). Instead, the actions of other players are concealed in games with imperfect information (eg. card games).
  • Simultaneous vs Sequential Games: The different players can operate simultaneously in simultaneous games. Instead, in sequential games, every player is informed of the previous deeds of every other player (eg. board games).
  • Zero-Sum vs Non-Zero Sum Games: In games with zero sums, if one player earns something, the other players lose. Instead, many players might profit from one another's gains in non-zero sum games.


Comments

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